The Python built-in functions are defined as the functions whose functionality is pre-defined in Python. The python interpreter has several functions that are always present for use. These functions are known as Built-in Functions. There are several built-in functions in Python which are listed below:
The Python all() function accepts an iterable object (such as list, dictionary, etc.). It returns true if all items in passed iterable are true. Otherwise, it returns False. If the iterable object is empty, the all() function returns True.
The Python abs() function is used to return the absolute value of a number. It takes only one argument, a number whose absolute value is to be returned. The argument can be an integer and floating-point number. If the argument is a complex number, then, abs() returns its magnitude.
The Python bin() function is used to return the binary representation of a specified integer. A result always starts with the prefix 0b.
The Python bool() converts a value to boolean(True or False) using the standard truth testing procedure.
The Python bytes() in Python is used for returning a bytes object. It is an immutable version of the bytearray() function. It can create empty bytes object of the specified size.
The Python callable() function in Python is something that can be called. This built-in function checks and returns true if the object passed appears to be callable, otherwise false.
The Python compile() function takes source code as input and returns a code object which can later be executed by exec() function.
The Python exec() function is used for the dynamic execution of Python program which can either be a string or object code and it accepts large blocks of code, unlike the eval() function which only accepts a single expression.
The Python as the name says, python sum() function is used to get the sum of numbers of an iterable that is list.
The Python any() function returns true if any item in an iterable is true. Otherwise, it returns False.
The Python ascii() function returns a string containing a printable representation of an object and escapes the non-ASCII characters in the string using \x, \u or \U escapes.
The Python bytearray() returns a bytearray object and can convert objects into bytearray objects, or create an empty bytearray object of the specified size.
The Python eval() function parses the expression passed to it and runs python expression(code) within the program.
The Python float() function returns a floating-point number from a number or string.
The Python format() function returns a formatted representation of the given value.
The Python frozenset() function returns an immutable frozenset object initialized with elements from the given iterable.
The Python getattr() function returns the value of a named attribute of an object. If it is not found, it returns the default value.
The Python globals() function returns the dictionary of the current global symbol table. A Symbol table is defined as a data structure which contains all the necessary information about the program. It includes variable names, methods, classes.
The Python any() function returns true if any item in an iterable is true, otherwise it returns False.
The Python iter() function is used to return an iterator object. It creates an object which can be iterated one element at a time.
The Python len() function is used to return the length (the number of items) of an object.
The Python list() creates a list in python.
The Python locals() method updates and returns the dictionary of the current local symbol table. A Symbol table is defined as a data structure which contains all the necessary information about the program. It includes variable names, methods, classes
The Python map() function is used to return a list of results after applying a given function to each item of an iterable.
The Python memoryview() function returns a memoryview object of the given argument.
The Python object() returns an empty object. It is a base for all the classes and holds the built-in properties and methods which are default for all the classes.
The Python open() function opens the file and returns a corresponding file object.
The Python chr() function is used to get a string representing a character which points to a Unicode code integer. For example, chr(97) returns the string 'a'. This function takes an integer argument and throws an error if it exceeds the specified range.
The Python complex() function is used to convert numbers or string into a complex number. This method takes two optional parameters and returns a complex number. The first parameter is called a real and second as imaginary parts.
The Python delattr() function is used to delete an attribute from a class. It takes two parameters, first is an object of the class and second is an attribute which we want to delete. After deleting the attribute, it no longer available in the class and throws an error if try to call it using the class object.
The Python dir() function returns the list of names in the current local scope. If the object on which method is called has a method named __dir__(), this method will be called and must return the list of attributes. It takes a single object type argument.
The Python divmod() function is used to get remainder and quotient of two numbers. This function takes two numeric arguments and returns a tuple. Both arguments are required and numeric.
The Python enumerate() function returns an enumerated object. It takes two parameters, first is a sequence of elements and the second is the start index of the sequence. We can get the elements in sequence either through a loop or next() method.
The Python dict() function is a constructor which creates a dictionary. Python dictionary provides three different constructors to create a dictionary: If no argument is passed, it creates an empty dictionary. If a positional argument is given, a dictionary is created with the same key-value pairs. Otherwise, pass an iterable object. If keyword arguments are given, the keyword arguments and their values are added to the dictionary created from the positional argument.
The Python filter() function is used to get filtered elements. This function takes two arguments, first is a function and the second is iterable. The filter function returns a sequence of those elements of iterable object for which function returns true value. The first argument can be none, if the function is not available and returns only elements that are true.
The Python hash() function is used to get the hash value of an object. Python calculates the hash value by using the hash algorithm. The hash values are integers and used to compare dictionary keys during a dictionary lookup. We can hash only the types which are given below: Hashable types: * bool * int * long * float * string * Unicode * tuple * code object.
The Python help() function is used to get help related to the object passed during the call. It takes an optional parameter and returns help information. If no argument is given, it shows the Python help console. It internally calls python's help function.
The Python min() function is used to get the smallest element from the collection. This function takes two arguments, first is a collection of elements and second is key, and returns the smallest element from the collection.
The Python a set is a built-in class, and this function is a constructor of this class. It is used to create a new set using elements passed during the call. It takes an iterable object as an argument and returns a new set object.
The Python hex() function is used to generate hex value of an integer argument. It takes an integer argument and returns an integer converted into a hexadecimal string. In case, we want to get a hexadecimal value of a float, then use float.hex() function.
The Python id() function returns the identity of an object. This is an integer which is guaranteed to be unique. This function takes an argument as an object and returns a unique integer number which represents identity. Two objects with non-overlapping lifetimes may have the same id() value.
The Python setattr() function is used to set a value to the object's attribute. It takes three arguments, i.e., an object, a string, and an arbitrary value, and returns none. It is helpful when we want to add a new attribute to an object and set a value to it.
The Python slice() function is used to get a slice of elements from the collection of elements. Python provides two overloaded slice functions. The first function takes a single argument while the second function takes three arguments and returns a slice object. This slice object can be used to get a subsection of the collection.
The Python sorted() function is used to sort elements. By default, it sorts elements in an ascending order but can be sorted in descending also. It takes four arguments and returns a collection in sorted order. In the case of a dictionary, it sorts only keys, not values.
The Python next() function is used to fetch next item from the collection. It takes two arguments, i.e., an iterator and a default value, and returns an element. This method calls on iterator and throws an error if no item is present. To avoid the error, we can set a default value.
The Python input() function is used to get an input from the user. It prompts for the user input and reads a line. After reading data, it converts it into a string and returns it. It throws an error EOFError if EOF is read.
The Python int() function is used to get an integer value. It returns an expression converted into an integer number. If the argument is a floating-point, the conversion truncates the number. If the argument is outside the integer range, then it converts the number into a long type. If the number is not a number or if a base is given, the number must be a string.
The Python isinstance() function is used to check whether the given object is an instance of that class. If the object belongs to the class, it returns true. Otherwise returns False. It also returns true if the class is a subclass. The isinstance() function takes two arguments, i.e., object and classinfo, and then it returns either True or False.
The Python oct() function is used to get an octal value of an integer number. This method takes an argument and returns an integer converted into an octal string. It throws an error TypeError, if argument type is other than an integer.
The Python ord() function returns an integer representing Unicode code point for the given Unicode character.
The Python pow() function is used to compute the power of a number. It returns x to the power of y. If the third argument(z) is given, it returns x to the power of y modulus z, i.e. (x, y) % z.
The Python print() function prints the given object to the screen or other standard output devices.
The Python range() function returns an immutable sequence of numbers starting from 0 by default, increments by 1 (by default) and ends at a specified number.
The Python reversed() function returns the reversed iterator of the given sequence.
The Python round() function rounds off the digits of a number and returns the floating point number.
The Python issubclass() function returns true if object argument(first argument) is a subclass of second class(second argument).
The Python str() converts a specified value into a string.
The Python tuple() function is used to create a tuple object.
The Python type() returns the type of the specified object if a single argument is passed to the type() built in function. If three arguments are passed, then it returns a new type object.
The Python vars() function returns the __dict__ attribute of the given object.
The Python zip() Function returns a zip object, which maps a similar index of multiple containers. It takes iterables (can be zero or more), makes it an iterator that aggregates the elements based on iterables passed, and returns an iterator of tuples.